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Northern England, also known as the North of England, the North or the North Country, is a cultural region of England. It is not an official government region, but a geographical concept. This article deals with the area roughly from the River Trent and River Dee to Scotland in the north. Northern England includes three Euro constituencies: the North East, North West and Yorkshire and the Humber. These have a combined population of around 14.5 million and an area of 37,331 km2 (14,414 sq mi). During antiquity most of the area was part of ''Brigantia'' — homeland of the Brigantes and the largest Brythonic kingdom of Great Britain. After the Roman conquest of Britain the city of York became capital of the area, called Britannia Inferior then Britannia Secunda. In Sub-Roman Britain new Brythonic kingdoms of the ''Hen Ogledd'' ("Old North") emerged. The Angle settlers created Bernicia and Deira from which came Northumbria and a Golden Age in cultural, scholarly and monastic activity, centred on Lindisfarne and aided by Irish monks.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.goldenageofnorthumbria.com/history.html ) Retrieved on 23 February 2009.〕 Norse and Gaelic Viking raiders gained control of much of the area, creating the Danelaw. During this time there were close relations with Mann and the Isles, Dublin and Norway. Northumbria was unified with the rest of England under Eadred around 952. After the Norman conquest in 1066, the Harrying of the North brought destruction, and the Normans did not reach Carlisle until 1092, so much of the area was not included in the Domesday book. A Council of the North was in place during the Late Middle Ages until the Commonwealth after the Civil War. The area experienced Anglo–Scottish border fighting until the unification of Britain under the Stuarts. ==Definitions== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Northern England」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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